The Tax Thread

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  • elbowloh
    elbowloh Posts: 7,078
    I guess it's about ideology? You know, the Tories are the party of no/low deficit, whilst Labour are tax and spend.

    "At the end of the day", political parties are about ideology and not about following the science or evidence-based decision making (in spite of what they may claim).
    Felt F1 2014
    Felt Z6 2012
    Red Arthur Caygill steel frame
    Tall....
    www.seewildlife.co.uk
  • Stevo_666
    Stevo_666 Posts: 58,522

    Stevo_666 said:

    If they do reverse the corp tax cuts then that is a quite remarkable policy u turn.

    The previous argument was that it was too easy to avoid to be worth bothering with which meant Laffer applied if you made yourself relatively competitive, plus it gave a big lift to inward investment.

    If all of the above is true it would suggest that they don’t just want to fvck business but be seen to fvck business.

    I wonder if there is residual anger that 99% of them did not support Brexit?

    Like I said, I'll be looking at the whole picture from a professional and more objective point of view - rather than your approach of deciding in advance that the budget is rubbish because you don't like them.

    On the tax competitiveness front, its definitely a factor which will also need to be looked at in the context of what other countries are doing. What are your thoughts on the proposed Biden tax rises, for example?
    Problem is Stevo it’s an economic issue not a tax and accounting one.
    I was addressing the point made by SC.Do you really think I'm not aware of the economic aspects of this? Sigh...
    "I spent most of my money on birds, booze and fast cars: the rest of it I just squandered." [George Best]
  • Stevo_666 said:

    If they do reverse the corp tax cuts then that is a quite remarkable policy u turn.

    The previous argument was that it was too easy to avoid to be worth bothering with which meant Laffer applied if you made yourself relatively competitive, plus it gave a big lift to inward investment.

    If all of the above is true it would suggest that they don’t just want to fvck business but be seen to fvck business.

    I wonder if there is residual anger that 99% of them did not support Brexit?

    Like I said, I'll be looking at the whole picture from a professional and more objective point of view - rather than your approach of deciding in advance that the budget is rubbish because you don't like them.

    On the tax competitiveness front, its definitely a factor which will also need to be looked at in the context of what other countries are doing. What are your thoughts on the proposed Biden tax rises, for example?
    Don’t know anything about them

    My ideas on tax are broad base, low rate with as close to no exceptions as possible.

    I felt the corp tax cuts were possibly going too far but you put up a very strong case for why we should look to match Ireland.
  • rjsterry
    rjsterry Posts: 27,686
    Stevo_666 said:

    rjsterry said:

    Stevo_666 said:

    If they do reverse the corp tax cuts then that is a quite remarkable policy u turn.

    The previous argument was that it was too easy to avoid to be worth bothering with which meant Laffer applied if you made yourself relatively competitive, plus it gave a big lift to inward investment.

    If all of the above is true it would suggest that they don’t just want to fvck business but be seen to fvck business.

    I wonder if there is residual anger that 99% of them did not support Brexit?

    Like I said, I'll be looking at the whole picture from a professional and more objective point of view - rather than your approach of deciding in advance that the budget is rubbish because you don't like them.

    On the tax competitiveness front, its definitely a factor which will also need to be looked at in the context of what other countries are doing. What are your thoughts on the proposed Biden tax rises, for example?
    Little bit oversensitive there. Nobody has posted that they think the budget is rubbish. And the thread isn't just about the budget. Personally, I can't see a major problem with a point or two on the rate over 5 years. If your business is struggling anyway, then there won't be much CT to pay in the first place. I also think freezing the IT thresholds is fine. Not sure of the wisdom of fiddling with stamp duty and am unconvinced that it helps the people it claims to be aimed at.
    Why do you think that?

    It doesn't take a genius to work out SC's angle based on his post and what we already know of his views about Boris and the government.
    Not sure quite what you are asking. I think some wonder how you rationalise the your views you've posted on government spending and borrowing with the apparent unwavering support of Johnson's big spending and borrowing.
    1985 Mercian King of Mercia - work in progress (Hah! Who am I kidding?)
    Pinnacle Monzonite

    Part of the anti-growth coalition
  • Stevo_666
    Stevo_666 Posts: 58,522
    rjsterry said:

    Stevo_666 said:

    rjsterry said:

    Stevo_666 said:

    If they do reverse the corp tax cuts then that is a quite remarkable policy u turn.

    The previous argument was that it was too easy to avoid to be worth bothering with which meant Laffer applied if you made yourself relatively competitive, plus it gave a big lift to inward investment.

    If all of the above is true it would suggest that they don’t just want to fvck business but be seen to fvck business.

    I wonder if there is residual anger that 99% of them did not support Brexit?

    Like I said, I'll be looking at the whole picture from a professional and more objective point of view - rather than your approach of deciding in advance that the budget is rubbish because you don't like them.

    On the tax competitiveness front, its definitely a factor which will also need to be looked at in the context of what other countries are doing. What are your thoughts on the proposed Biden tax rises, for example?
    Little bit oversensitive there. Nobody has posted that they think the budget is rubbish. And the thread isn't just about the budget. Personally, I can't see a major problem with a point or two on the rate over 5 years. If your business is struggling anyway, then there won't be much CT to pay in the first place. I also think freezing the IT thresholds is fine. Not sure of the wisdom of fiddling with stamp duty and am unconvinced that it helps the people it claims to be aimed at.
    Why do you think that?

    It doesn't take a genius to work out SC's angle based on his post and what we already know of his views about Boris and the government.
    Not sure quite what you are asking. I think some wonder how you rationalise the your views you've posted on government spending and borrowing with the apparent unwavering support of Johnson's big spending and borrowing.
    Please quote me where I've said that. You seem to be spoiling for an argument where there isn't one yet as the budget hasn't even been announced yet.
    "I spent most of my money on birds, booze and fast cars: the rest of it I just squandered." [George Best]
  • Stevo_666
    Stevo_666 Posts: 58,522

    Stevo_666 said:

    If they do reverse the corp tax cuts then that is a quite remarkable policy u turn.

    The previous argument was that it was too easy to avoid to be worth bothering with which meant Laffer applied if you made yourself relatively competitive, plus it gave a big lift to inward investment.

    If all of the above is true it would suggest that they don’t just want to fvck business but be seen to fvck business.

    I wonder if there is residual anger that 99% of them did not support Brexit?

    Like I said, I'll be looking at the whole picture from a professional and more objective point of view - rather than your approach of deciding in advance that the budget is rubbish because you don't like them.

    On the tax competitiveness front, its definitely a factor which will also need to be looked at in the context of what other countries are doing. What are your thoughts on the proposed Biden tax rises, for example?
    Don’t know anything about them

    My ideas on tax are broad base, low rate with as close to no exceptions as possible.

    I felt the corp tax cuts were possibly going too far but you put up a very strong case for why we should look to match Ireland.
    In summary, he's putting them up. My prediction is that others countries will follow suit to fill the coffers post pandemic, each in their own way.

    The main thing is that we are competitive compared to the main alternatives, which isn't that hard when comparing to the major European competition and not too shab y in the G20 rankings (other comparisons are available)
    https://tradingeconomics.com/country-list/corporate-tax-rate?continent=g20

    I remember the Irish debate - it is also wrapped up in what they do with other taxes in combination with a competitive 'headline' corporate tax rate which is the national tax equivalent of the supermarket 'loss leader' to entice customers in, to put it crudely.
    "I spent most of my money on birds, booze and fast cars: the rest of it I just squandered." [George Best]
  • rjsterry
    rjsterry Posts: 27,686
    Stevo_666 said:

    rjsterry said:

    Stevo_666 said:

    rjsterry said:

    Stevo_666 said:

    If they do reverse the corp tax cuts then that is a quite remarkable policy u turn.

    The previous argument was that it was too easy to avoid to be worth bothering with which meant Laffer applied if you made yourself relatively competitive, plus it gave a big lift to inward investment.

    If all of the above is true it would suggest that they don’t just want to fvck business but be seen to fvck business.

    I wonder if there is residual anger that 99% of them did not support Brexit?

    Like I said, I'll be looking at the whole picture from a professional and more objective point of view - rather than your approach of deciding in advance that the budget is rubbish because you don't like them.

    On the tax competitiveness front, its definitely a factor which will also need to be looked at in the context of what other countries are doing. What are your thoughts on the proposed Biden tax rises, for example?
    Little bit oversensitive there. Nobody has posted that they think the budget is rubbish. And the thread isn't just about the budget. Personally, I can't see a major problem with a point or two on the rate over 5 years. If your business is struggling anyway, then there won't be much CT to pay in the first place. I also think freezing the IT thresholds is fine. Not sure of the wisdom of fiddling with stamp duty and am unconvinced that it helps the people it claims to be aimed at.
    Why do you think that?

    It doesn't take a genius to work out SC's angle based on his post and what we already know of his views about Boris and the government.
    Not sure quite what you are asking. I think some wonder how you rationalise the your views you've posted on government spending and borrowing with the apparent unwavering support of Johnson's big spending and borrowing.
    Please quote me where I've said that. You seem to be spoiling for an argument where there isn't one yet as the budget hasn't even been announced yet.
    I'm really not. Just interested in what you think.
    1985 Mercian King of Mercia - work in progress (Hah! Who am I kidding?)
    Pinnacle Monzonite

    Part of the anti-growth coalition
  • surrey_commuter
    surrey_commuter Posts: 18,866
    here is a part of a piece in today's Times that shows how Irelad has benefited from lowering corporation tax

    Why do Pfizer, Apple, Google, Microsoft, Allergan, Facebook, Oracle, Merck, Boston Scientific, Ingersoll Rand, Dell, Medtronic and SanDisk base their international headquarters in Ireland or book revenues through the country? Presumably not the weather, nor Dublin’s extraordinary cultural endowment. The answer, of course, is tax.

    The headline rate of Irish corporation tax is 12.5 per cent, one of the lowest in Europe. There is a lower rate of 6.5 per cent on research and development and intellectual property, which makes Ireland extremely attractive to American technology and life sciences companies. Plus Ireland has no thin capitalisation rules, which means that Irish corporates can be financed with 100 per cent debt, no equity. As a result many US companies based in Ireland pay an effective corporation tax rate somewhere between 0 per cent and 6 per cent.

    The benefits to the Irish economy are legion. In 2016-17 foreign firms accounted for 80 per cent of Irish corporation tax and employed 25 per cent of the Irish labour force. Dublin employs a very effective strategy to attract inward investment and maximise benefits to its economy and tax base.
  • rjsterry
    rjsterry Posts: 27,686
    While a low rate has undoubtedly help attract large multinationals to Ireland, it's of little consequence for the other half of the economy that is made up of millions of SMEs.
    1985 Mercian King of Mercia - work in progress (Hah! Who am I kidding?)
    Pinnacle Monzonite

    Part of the anti-growth coalition
  • rick_chasey
    rick_chasey Posts: 72,729
    edited March 2021
    May I also point out that managing a nation the size of UK is different to a nation with a population the size of a reasonably large city. (you could fit Ireland twice over into London)

    Some options available to smaller countries are not available to larger.

  • Stevo_666
    Stevo_666 Posts: 58,522
    rjsterry said:

    While a low rate has undoubtedly help attract large multinationals to Ireland, it's of little consequence for the other half of the economy that is made up of millions of SMEs.

    It is, because it creates plenty of relatively well paid jobs which is good - for people who will be customers of said SMEs - which is also good.
    "I spent most of my money on birds, booze and fast cars: the rest of it I just squandered." [George Best]
  • Stevo_666
    Stevo_666 Posts: 58,522

    May I also point out that managing a nation the size of UK is different to a nation with a population the size of a reasonably large city. (you could fit Ireland twice over into London)

    Some options available to smaller countries are not available to larger.

    You're right that it is different for smaller nations - but as it is more difficult to lure both investment and expats into quite a few smaller nations, they need to try harder. Which to some extent explains why the low tax rate countries are more often the smaller ones.
    "I spent most of my money on birds, booze and fast cars: the rest of it I just squandered." [George Best]
  • rjsterry
    rjsterry Posts: 27,686
    Stevo_666 said:

    rjsterry said:

    While a low rate has undoubtedly help attract large multinationals to Ireland, it's of little consequence for the other half of the economy that is made up of millions of SMEs.

    It is, because it creates plenty of relatively well paid jobs which is good - for people who will be customers of said SMEs - which is also good.
    Jeez, now who's spoiling for an argument? I'm not saying it's a bad thing. Just that attracting multinationals with a competitive rate is only one of a number of considerations. That's hardly controversial. What kind of figure did you have in mind for 'plenty'? Anecdotally of course, but I've not noticed any particular bias in our clients towards larger enterprises. More the opposite if anything.
    1985 Mercian King of Mercia - work in progress (Hah! Who am I kidding?)
    Pinnacle Monzonite

    Part of the anti-growth coalition
  • Stevo_666
    Stevo_666 Posts: 58,522
    rjsterry said:

    Stevo_666 said:

    rjsterry said:

    While a low rate has undoubtedly help attract large multinationals to Ireland, it's of little consequence for the other half of the economy that is made up of millions of SMEs.

    It is, because it creates plenty of relatively well paid jobs which is good - for people who will be customers of said SMEs - which is also good.
    Jeez, now who's spoiling for an argument? I'm not saying it's a bad thing. Just that attracting multinationals with a competitive rate is only one of a number of considerations. That's hardly controversial. What kind of figure did you have in mind for 'plenty'? Anecdotally of course, but I've not noticed any particular bias in our clients towards larger enterprises. More the opposite if anything.
    'Plenty' is a reasonable statement given what is said in SCs post above about these firms employing 25% of the Irish Labour force.

    You have to admit the Irish strategy has been pretty effective based on the stats above. As mentioned above, this unlikely to be the pull of the Irish weather or the cultural Mecca of Dublin, is it?
    "I spent most of my money on birds, booze and fast cars: the rest of it I just squandered." [George Best]
  • david37
    david37 Posts: 1,313

    Not sure why Labour would be against increased tax on those who managed to still be making a profit, when the tories seem in favour. Anyone?

    because Labour doesn't care about reducing or even managing national debt and making the books balance and the tories do / need to after coronavirus?
  • kingstongraham
    kingstongraham Posts: 26,261
    david37 said:

    Not sure why Labour would be against increased tax on those who managed to still be making a profit, when the tories seem in favour. Anyone?

    because Labour doesn't care about reducing or even managing national debt and making the books balance and the tories do / need to after coronavirus?
    I admire your positivity in thinking that Labour's policies for the immediate aftermath of the pandemic have a chance of being enacted.
  • rick_chasey
    rick_chasey Posts: 72,729

    He’s mad to raise taxes so soon. Nutter behaviour.

    So here are some OBR numbers...





    ^^ look how big the fiscal drag is!

  • surrey_commuter
    surrey_commuter Posts: 18,866

    He’s mad to raise taxes so soon. Nutter behaviour.

    So here are some OBR numbers...





    ^^ look how big the fiscal drag is!

    would you mind explaining that first graph?
  • rick_chasey
    rick_chasey Posts: 72,729

    He’s mad to raise taxes so soon. Nutter behaviour.

    So here are some OBR numbers...





    ^^ look how big the fiscal drag is!

    would you mind explaining that first graph?
    What bit don’t you get?
  • Stevo_666
    Stevo_666 Posts: 58,522

    david37 said:

    Not sure why Labour would be against increased tax on those who managed to still be making a profit, when the tories seem in favour. Anyone?

    because Labour doesn't care about reducing or even managing national debt and making the books balance and the tories do / need to after coronavirus?
    I admire your positivity in thinking that Labour's policies for the immediate aftermath of the pandemic have a chance of being enacted.
    True, losers don't get to make the decisions.
    "I spent most of my money on birds, booze and fast cars: the rest of it I just squandered." [George Best]
  • kingstonian
    kingstonian Posts: 2,847
    It is an interesting approach to look to raise corp tax - it takes the legs from under Labour. Could an element of the thinking to limit the opposition’s armoury?

    Also, we’ve gotta expect interest rates to rise at some point so we can’t wait forever to dig into the huge debt we’ve piled up.
  • kingstongraham
    kingstongraham Posts: 26,261
    Would businesses not prefer an increase in corporation tax partially offset by a reduction in employers ni? If pandemic fairness is the justification.
  • surrey_commuter
    surrey_commuter Posts: 18,866

    It is an interesting approach to look to raise corp tax - it takes the legs from under Labour. Could an element of the thinking to limit the opposition’s armoury?

    Also, we’ve gotta expect interest rates to rise at some point so we can’t wait forever to dig into the huge debt we’ve piled up.

    I am not even sure his trailed measures amount to rearranging the deckchairs, more choosing a new tune for the band to play.

    If they were serious they would cut non Covid spending and could start with vanity projects such as HS2
  • john80
    john80 Posts: 2,965

    here is a part of a piece in today's Times that shows how Irelad has benefited from lowering corporation tax

    Why do Pfizer, Apple, Google, Microsoft, Allergan, Facebook, Oracle, Merck, Boston Scientific, Ingersoll Rand, Dell, Medtronic and SanDisk base their international headquarters in Ireland or book revenues through the country? Presumably not the weather, nor Dublin’s extraordinary cultural endowment. The answer, of course, is tax.

    The headline rate of Irish corporation tax is 12.5 per cent, one of the lowest in Europe. There is a lower rate of 6.5 per cent on research and development and intellectual property, which makes Ireland extremely attractive to American technology and life sciences companies. Plus Ireland has no thin capitalisation rules, which means that Irish corporates can be financed with 100 per cent debt, no equity. As a result many US companies based in Ireland pay an effective corporation tax rate somewhere between 0 per cent and 6 per cent.

    The benefits to the Irish economy are legion. In 2016-17 foreign firms accounted for 80 per cent of Irish corporation tax and employed 25 per cent of the Irish labour force. Dublin employs a very effective strategy to attract inward investment and maximise benefits to its economy and tax base.

    What happens when every country does this. What does Ireland do then. Seems to me this only works for a smaller country close to a larger country kind of thing
  • rjsterry
    rjsterry Posts: 27,686
    Stevo_666 said:

    rjsterry said:

    Stevo_666 said:

    rjsterry said:

    While a low rate has undoubtedly help attract large multinationals to Ireland, it's of little consequence for the other half of the economy that is made up of millions of SMEs.

    It is, because it creates plenty of relatively well paid jobs which is good - for people who will be customers of said SMEs - which is also good.
    Jeez, now who's spoiling for an argument? I'm not saying it's a bad thing. Just that attracting multinationals with a competitive rate is only one of a number of considerations. That's hardly controversial. What kind of figure did you have in mind for 'plenty'? Anecdotally of course, but I've not noticed any particular bias in our clients towards larger enterprises. More the opposite if anything.
    'Plenty' is a reasonable statement given what is said in SCs post above about these firms employing 25% of the Irish Labour force.

    You have to admit the Irish strategy has been pretty effective based on the stats above. As mentioned above, this unlikely to be the pull of the Irish weather or the cultural Mecca of Dublin, is it?
    It's obviously been great for Ireland. I don't think I'm going out on too much of a limb in suggesting that the UK now is quite a different place from Ireland 15-20 years ago. Bulgaria's rate is even lower, but it's not quite had the same effect there. I would guess that we already have quite a few larger enterprises based in the UK, and we're already fairly competitive so as you say with everyone looking to pay their bills I would guess we can afford to ease up the rate slightly without scaring people away.

    I get why from a Chancellor's point of view, these are the businesses to target; all I'm saying is that from an SME point of view - which is most businesses, unless you are specifically servicing one of those larger enterprises, whether it is 19, 20 or 21% doesn't change the world.
    1985 Mercian King of Mercia - work in progress (Hah! Who am I kidding?)
    Pinnacle Monzonite

    Part of the anti-growth coalition
  • womack
    womack Posts: 566
    Benefits.
  • surrey_commuter
    surrey_commuter Posts: 18,866
    john80 said:

    here is a part of a piece in today's Times that shows how Irelad has benefited from lowering corporation tax

    Why do Pfizer, Apple, Google, Microsoft, Allergan, Facebook, Oracle, Merck, Boston Scientific, Ingersoll Rand, Dell, Medtronic and SanDisk base their international headquarters in Ireland or book revenues through the country? Presumably not the weather, nor Dublin’s extraordinary cultural endowment. The answer, of course, is tax.

    The headline rate of Irish corporation tax is 12.5 per cent, one of the lowest in Europe. There is a lower rate of 6.5 per cent on research and development and intellectual property, which makes Ireland extremely attractive to American technology and life sciences companies. Plus Ireland has no thin capitalisation rules, which means that Irish corporates can be financed with 100 per cent debt, no equity. As a result many US companies based in Ireland pay an effective corporation tax rate somewhere between 0 per cent and 6 per cent.

    The benefits to the Irish economy are legion. In 2016-17 foreign firms accounted for 80 per cent of Irish corporation tax and employed 25 per cent of the Irish labour force. Dublin employs a very effective strategy to attract inward investment and maximise benefits to its economy and tax base.

    What happens when every country does this. What does Ireland do then. Seems to me this only works for a smaller country close to a larger country kind of thing
    You can’t not do things because other countries may copy you.

    Why are you so sure that if the CT rates had been reversed those companies would not be in the UK
  • rick_chasey
    rick_chasey Posts: 72,729
    Lol you're all talking higher taxes when the OBR is saying higher taxes or reduced spending is going to put the UK further in the hole.

    This is what's going to ruin British democracy.
  • rjsterry
    rjsterry Posts: 27,686

    john80 said:

    here is a part of a piece in today's Times that shows how Irelad has benefited from lowering corporation tax

    Why do Pfizer, Apple, Google, Microsoft, Allergan, Facebook, Oracle, Merck, Boston Scientific, Ingersoll Rand, Dell, Medtronic and SanDisk base their international headquarters in Ireland or book revenues through the country? Presumably not the weather, nor Dublin’s extraordinary cultural endowment. The answer, of course, is tax.

    The headline rate of Irish corporation tax is 12.5 per cent, one of the lowest in Europe. There is a lower rate of 6.5 per cent on research and development and intellectual property, which makes Ireland extremely attractive to American technology and life sciences companies. Plus Ireland has no thin capitalisation rules, which means that Irish corporates can be financed with 100 per cent debt, no equity. As a result many US companies based in Ireland pay an effective corporation tax rate somewhere between 0 per cent and 6 per cent.

    The benefits to the Irish economy are legion. In 2016-17 foreign firms accounted for 80 per cent of Irish corporation tax and employed 25 per cent of the Irish labour force. Dublin employs a very effective strategy to attract inward investment and maximise benefits to its economy and tax base.

    What happens when every country does this. What does Ireland do then. Seems to me this only works for a smaller country close to a larger country kind of thing
    You can’t not do things because other countries may copy you.

    Why are you so sure that if the CT rates had been reversed those companies would not be in the UK
    Clearly there's a bit more to it than just the rate or they'd all be based in Sofia rather than Dublin. I'd suggest a well-educated anglophone workforce was also a consideration.
    1985 Mercian King of Mercia - work in progress (Hah! Who am I kidding?)
    Pinnacle Monzonite

    Part of the anti-growth coalition
  • surrey_commuter
    surrey_commuter Posts: 18,866
    rjsterry said:

    john80 said:

    here is a part of a piece in today's Times that shows how Irelad has benefited from lowering corporation tax

    Why do Pfizer, Apple, Google, Microsoft, Allergan, Facebook, Oracle, Merck, Boston Scientific, Ingersoll Rand, Dell, Medtronic and SanDisk base their international headquarters in Ireland or book revenues through the country? Presumably not the weather, nor Dublin’s extraordinary cultural endowment. The answer, of course, is tax.

    The headline rate of Irish corporation tax is 12.5 per cent, one of the lowest in Europe. There is a lower rate of 6.5 per cent on research and development and intellectual property, which makes Ireland extremely attractive to American technology and life sciences companies. Plus Ireland has no thin capitalisation rules, which means that Irish corporates can be financed with 100 per cent debt, no equity. As a result many US companies based in Ireland pay an effective corporation tax rate somewhere between 0 per cent and 6 per cent.

    The benefits to the Irish economy are legion. In 2016-17 foreign firms accounted for 80 per cent of Irish corporation tax and employed 25 per cent of the Irish labour force. Dublin employs a very effective strategy to attract inward investment and maximise benefits to its economy and tax base.

    What happens when every country does this. What does Ireland do then. Seems to me this only works for a smaller country close to a larger country kind of thing
    You can’t not do things because other countries may copy you.

    Why are you so sure that if the CT rates had been reversed those companies would not be in the UK
    Clearly there's a bit more to it than just the rate or they'd all be based in Sofia rather than Dublin. I'd suggest a well-educated anglophone workforce was also a consideration.
    That has to be be the ultimate straw man argument, you introduced Sofia and then tell me I need to consider a well educated anglophone workforce.

    We are talking about the UK rate of CT and looking at what lessons we can learn from Ireland. Am happy to listen to other advantages Ireland has over the UK because I can’t think of any