Intervals question - guidance please

So can someone give me a quick explanation of the impact of different length intervals?

On my weeknight rides (round Richmond Park, south-west London) I quite often mix it up by for instance taking the hills and any slight inclines really hard – these will be efforts of various lengths (anything between 1 and 5 mins), with various rest lengths in between, well over threshold but not ‘maxing out’.

I am riding v much on feel by the way – not even got a bike comp at moment, never mind HRM.

I’m thinking of chucking in a session of more structured, shorter and harder intervals, where I do say 30 seconds at max effort with 30 seconds rest, which will doubtless annoy the hell out of other riders. (It’s the sort of thing that might be better on a turbo or spin bike?)

What would be the training effect of this?
How should I structure them in terms of blocks, i.e., 5 mins of 30-30, then 2 mins rest, then 5 mins again – something like that?

I get out for one or two longer rides at weekends (70-90 miles) and am at a decent level of fitness (fit enough to keep up in a Cat 3-4 race / be among the top 15-20% of times in a sportive).

Am aiming to tweak up the fitness for a good time around RideLondon (yeah I know it's not a TT or a race) and use that as a springboard to enter a couple late season TTs, 10-50 probably.

Thanks

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