Rear wheel seized up

I have a relatively new wheel (1 month now from Halfords) that seized up on me while cycling. It felt like the brakes had been applied and slowed me to a stop- the brakes were actually fine and were not the object that stopped me. I tried to take the rear wheel off and I couldn't pull the quick release lever, it was jammed like a mofo- I don't recall ever tightening it to this level ever. I managed to pull it using a rag I had, worried that I would end up cutting myself from the QR with all that force.
So... Once the QR thingy came off, the wheel was rolling just fine, so I refitted the QR and headed home, the wheel acting a bit strangely- I can't describe it, I also noticed the QR skewer was slightly bent near the threaded area when I refitted it.
I took the wheel off at home and removed the cassette and I find this:

https://imgur.com/S4m0L57

https://imgur.com/gcBgcqc
There's a red plastic piece and behind that some bearings, is that item meant to even be plastic? What reasons would there be for this to crack and for my wheel to break? I am a heavy rider at ~110kg, I'm not hopping on pavements, I've done it ones or twice but it's rare... Would this cause the damage?
So... Once the QR thingy came off, the wheel was rolling just fine, so I refitted the QR and headed home, the wheel acting a bit strangely- I can't describe it, I also noticed the QR skewer was slightly bent near the threaded area when I refitted it.
I took the wheel off at home and removed the cassette and I find this:
https://imgur.com/S4m0L57
https://imgur.com/gcBgcqc
There's a red plastic piece and behind that some bearings, is that item meant to even be plastic? What reasons would there be for this to crack and for my wheel to break? I am a heavy rider at ~110kg, I'm not hopping on pavements, I've done it ones or twice but it's rare... Would this cause the damage?
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The second image appears to suggest that the hub is a cup and cone bearing system. It looks like the drive side cone has unwound allowing the ball bearings to fall out of the race. This will have caused the wheel to lock up.
Take it back to Halfords. They've sold you a wheel with a slack hub. This should never happen even after years of riding. It's a 5 minute repair assuming that there's no damage to the hub.
They did immediately seem to know what the problem is, I'm wondering if I'd have to inspect any bike item I buy which then leads to the problem of how would I even know something off the shelf ready to use.
You need proper cone spanners, and follow the Parktools link to see how to look after cup and cone hubs.
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My son managed it on his MTB when pavement hopping on his paper round, and he didn't weigh 110 kg.
Could be that you need to spend a bit more on a better quality wheelset. Maybe something designed for loaded touring, or some hand-built for a rider of your weight.
My spare wheel had the axle fall out in two the moment the QR was released. I've been plagued with bad luck maybe.
Thanks for the advice guys. I'm contemplating (as I have 2 spare front wheels) if the axles can be used from them, or maybe visit a bike store and buy a new one, I'm getting a bit desperate as I don't want to miss a day of cycling...
Take the 2 halves of the broken axle to the nearest LBS or Halfords and they should have a suitable length replacement. With a pair of cone spanners you can swap the cones and locknuts, reassemble the bearings with fresh grease and adjust to remove nearly all the play when the locknuts are tightened against the cones. A tiny amount of play in the bearings should all but disappear when the wheel is installed an the QR tightened. If in any doubt, too loose is better than too tight. Youtube is your friend.
IIRC - Under 6 months it's assumed the fault was there at manufacture - after 6 months the onus is on you.
Nope - I wouldn't accept that - if you paid by CC get them involved now. If not - check if your debit card is visa - they may be able to assist - but basically I'd be after the replacement cost of a wheel from them.
I wouldn't buy the replacement wheel from them either. (point of principle now!)
Years ago - when I bought my CX I rode it for one month solid commuting in January - the front wheel ended up graunching and it looked like there had never been any lube in the ballrace - it was swimming with rusty water. The LBS took it back and agreed to replace it under warranty - no fuss. The replacement wheel has done many miles since - with no further checks on the race ...
Don't let them fob you off.
Now I just need the balls to defend my consumer rights...
That way, you get to fight from the moral high-ground - and someone shouting and screaming only has so much energy to do so - once they stop, they've lost ...