I recently replaced a 11-28 cog on an Ultegra rear with a Tiagra 12-30 cog and the chain didnt need replacing or adjusting at all. The rear derailleur was an Ultegra s/s.
You should be fine. Try it first, then if its really bad change the chain afterwards, but im guessing you wont need too.
The only thing you might need to do is screw in the B-screw a little bit, on the rear derailleur, to give you a bit more clearance between the small cog and the largest gear (27) but again, might not even be needed.
possibly a slightly longer chain. As said above I would ideally be looking to change to chain at the same time, so you can resize the new one. Be aware that Shimano document a different way to measure up an 11-28 chain length than with a smaller range cassette.
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Chain - depends how short yours already is, but normally not an issue as you should not be in 50/27 anyway :-)
+1, it SHOULD be straight swap.
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You should be fine. Try it first, then if its really bad change the chain afterwards, but im guessing you wont need too.
The only thing you might need to do is screw in the B-screw a little bit, on the rear derailleur, to give you a bit more clearance between the small cog and the largest gear (27) but again, might not even be needed.